Rumsfeld on Knowledge

The departure of Donald Rumsfeld after the recent Republician US election disaster led to the Guardian to review some of his 'insights' - here is my favourite:

"The message is that there are no knowns. There are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say there are things that we now know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know."

It's easy to see why KM is so hard to do - especially in the US Department of Defence!

Wise Words and Bad Analogies

Dilbert_analogies_1
In the knowledge management field there are often interesting philosophical discussions on the connection between knowledge and wisdom. Most of these are ultimately fruitless but it's helpful to constantly re-evaluate exactly what we mean when we use the term knowledge.  That's why I thought this latest Dilbert cartoon from Scott Adams was brilliant, and sort of neatly ties together a comment on wisdom with the art of storytelling (something that is also big in KM circles).  What's your favourite overused analogy?

Case Based Reasoning

FirecbrAt one of the Contacivity networking events I paired up with Ben Diamond from the West Midlands fire service - our task was to find each other three interesting contacts from all the people at Contactivity. That was an interesting exercise but I was particularly interested in some of the stuff Ben has been involved with involving decision support systems for mobile workers (actually firefighters like himself). He has been involved with an EU project (AMIRA) which is researching a variety of tools  and combinations of tools to support mobile workers:

"The technical goal of AMIRA is to develop a set of reusable components using search, reasoning, speech dialogue technology and collaborative working techniques that can be used to create a variety of applications for use by mobile workers operating in safety or business critical situations in the field."

Amongst other approaches AMIRA uses case based reasoning to present solutions to critical incidents. This is related to the AI (Artificial Intelligence) and expert system ideas that I came across years ago and all of this stuff is becoming highly relevant to knowledge management as a variety of different technologies mature and converge. I will follow-up case based reasoning is a later article but in the meantime check -out the following:

Link: Case Based Reasoning at Wikipedia
Link: Case Based Reasoning at American Association for Artificial Intelligence
Link: Kaidara Case Based Reasoning Software

The last link is to a French software company that sells case based reasoning software in support of customer service operations (including Comet in the UK). Is this KM in action or just another clever information search tool?

Real Life Knowledge Management Book

ReallifekmIt’s not often that you get something for nothing but in this case you really can! ‘Real Life Knowledge Management – Lessons from the Field’ is a collection of 18 knowledge management case studies from across Europe and the Middle East. 

“Real-Life Knowledge Management – Lessons from the Field is about the art and practice of knowledge management in real life settings. Based on the hands-on experiences of the authors’ where knowledge was created and valuable lessons learned, this book provides the context for the sharing of this knowledge through a set of case studies spanning several domains and areas of practice.” 

The book is edited by Abdul Samad Kazi (Sami) and Patricia Wolf and is published by KnowledgeBoard. I was lucky I got a professionally printed paper copy – but you can download the entire book for free. There are some really interesting case studies and the book is beautifully illustrated by Arye and Ron Dvir. Enjoy!

Contactivity 2006

Contactivity2006Just spent two interesting days at Contactivity at the University of Greenwich. Contactivity is a sort of fluffy people focused KM event which has grown out of KM Europe (which is considered to be too systems focused). The first Contactivity event ran alongside KCC Europe in Amsterdam last November (see previous entry). It’s supported and promoted by Knowledge Board. It was an unusual event to say the least, with lots of opportunity for participants to contribute to the agenda.

Day 1 was the most structured – I helped facilitate a Cayenne project simulation for over 60 people, we also did some structured networking (Peter Toxler) and witnessed the launch of a new free KM book  (see separate article).

Day 2 was a lot more free-form comprising three do-it-yourself sessions:

Future Forwards and Backwards - This scenario planning tool  is used a constituent of the Cynefin stuff used by Dave Snowden. It's a little confusing initially and we didn't really have time to complete the exercise properly, however I do like the approach and it would be good for a whole range of scenario planning activities (including defining your business strategy).

Open Space - An free-form collaborative experience with built-in agenda setting...the best bit is the principal of 'two feet' which allows you to circulate freely until you find something that interests you.

Knowledge Café - David Gurteen's 'conversations in a cafe style' based loosely on World Cafe.

Taking part in three such events in one day was probably a little ambitious – at times I would have loved to have had a breakout session for a couple of PowerPoint presentations – if only for the visual stimulus! One advantage of such an event is the complete lack of notes one makes – you’re so engaged in discussion you don’t have the opportunity to transfer your own ideas or reflections to paper. However your own notes are partly replaced by the flip charts that each group produces – the plan is to share this as an output online (see links below). The strength of Contactivity apparently is in the conversations and I have to agree that my lasting impression is of a bunch of slightly quirky people (me included) who have a passion for exploring issues in the domain we loosely call KM.

The next Contactivity is in Israel in September – don’t think I’ll be able to make that but I’m keen to do another one closer to home sometime. Not sure if there are any plans to run it alongside KCC Europe this year?

Photo is courtesy of Ed Mitchell at KnowledgeBoard (forgot my own camera) - lots more images at Flickr.

If you took part in Contactivity and you are reading this please leave a comment!

Link: Contactivity 2006 Wiki
Link: KnowledgeBoard Event Write-Up
Link: Contactivity Amsterdam

Bristol Knowledge Cafe 2

The second Bristol Knowledge Cafe takes place on 10th May from 6-8pm.

I absolutley have to attend because one of my ideas for the theme has been selected (not sure how) - maybe it was just a brilliant theme ;-)...!!

"I had a wealth of ideas to choose from and on this occasion, following feedback, the topic selected is “are learning and knowledge sharing the same thing?” It will be an exciting subject to explore both in terms of global issues as well as business issues." Debbie Lawley

BAE Systems are hosting the event. Contact Debbie Lawley if you'd like to attend.  Look forward to seeing you there!

Information or Knowledge?

At the recent Plymouth e-Learning conference Steve Coombs (Bath Spa University) gave a presentation on 'Critical Thinking Scaffolds' based the work done by Jonassen on Mindtools. Don't want to explore this now but one area that Steve touched upon was the ‘confusion between information and knowledge’. His position was that 'knowledge is constructed in the mind of the learner' - and that unlike information which is a tangible, knowledge is effectively a phenomena. I guess 'the learner' is effectively the seeker of new knowledge in this context?  I think this is a critical, and useful distinction between information and knowledge.  But if knowledge only exists in someone's head then is it actually possible to manage it? Probably not, but it is possible to tap into it and for the knowledgeable person to share it with other knowledgeable people.

The Times on KM

There was a neat little piece by Carol Lewis on KM in The Times Career Supplement on 17th November.

It went along the following lines (italics are my comments):

Big Brained Bosses
It’s not just the grey matter of those at the top that is of interest. Knowledge management (KM) is about managing the knowledge we all possess to further the aims of our firms.

The bit about futhering the aims of our firms is insightful – and begs the question what’s really in it for us - I mean us busy knowledge worker bees?

Sounds suspiciously like thought control to me
“Knowledge management is unfortunately a misleading term – knowledge resides in people’s heads and managing it is not really possible or desirable,” says the NHS (www.nelh.nks.uk).

No point doing KM then. But the NHS seems incapable of taking it’s own medicine (it runs numerous NHS KM projects). Maybe it sought a second opinion? Actually a brief look at the NELH website shows that, like most of us, the NHS uses IM and KM pretty interchangeably.

So what the heck is it?
It is to “know what you know” and profit from it, according to www.brint.com.

There’s that profit thing again. Is it the organisation that profits or the individual? That’s a tough one.

Is knowledge the same as information or data?
This is a key dispute about KM – that all too often it is actually data or information management. See the ‘nonsense of knowledge management’.

That old chestnut. Has it ever been properly resolved? TD Wilson's paper tests the KM thing to breaking point.

Does anyone use it?
According to Bain & Co (www.bain.com), KM has had a chequered career. Long heralded as an essential management tool in the information age, it has grown in popularity. Bain’s Management Tools 2005 survey says that 54% of companies use it – compared with 28% in 1996 – but that satisfaction with KM is not as high as with other management tools such as benchmarking or business process re-engineering.

I’m guessing they mean 54% of big companies, but then maybe KM only really 'works' in big companies?

Fad or fashion?
There are high hopes that new generation of KM systems will deliver greater satisfaction. Systems that automatically analyse e-mails and documents for useful content and associations are being developed by a variety of companies. There are privacy issues but if they can be overcome KM could finally live up to the hype.

So the saviour is ICT? But isn’t that a solution to our information management problems? Maybe we need a thought control device after all – with a thought control drug developed by those clever KM people in the NHS. Then KM might really take flight.

Not KM Europe

Thefringe_3Notfringe_3This year’s KM Europe Conference was re-branded Knowledge, Content and Collaboration (KCC). Why? Possibly because the organisers feel that KM is losing its shine. There was some criticism of last year’s conference and a certain polarisation between the systems centric KM and people centric KM camps (or as Dave Snowden calls them the techno-fethishits and the fluffy bunnies). This year’s conference was also reduced to two days rather than three and a new charging structure introduced. Like some others I had decided that maybe the trip across to Amsterdam wasn’t quite worth the effort this year but once the Knowledge Board team came up with the idea of a ‘fringe’ track to the conference I was intrigued. I joined the debate on Knowledge Board and agreed to present a session with Piers Young on ‘The Effective Knowledge Worker Handbook’.

The fringe idea worked really well – the fringe track comprised a wide variety of interactive sessions with only a few bullet points delivered via PowerPoint. Full reports of all the sessions are available at Knowledge Board but here are some of my high points:

Fringe1Paolo Martinez kicked off Day 1 with a workshop on ‘Open Source KM’. Paolo works for Firenze Technologica in Florence and my lasting memory is his wonderful comment about the difficulties of ‘doing innovation in a city with such deep roots in the past’. This seems paradoxical since Florence was one of the centres of innovative thought during the renaissance. I’m currently reading a book entitled ‘Renaissance e-Learning’, maybe Florence should re-assess its role in 21st Century Europe and start an e-renaissance. Paolo also got us started on the ‘holding big sheets of paper at the front’ mode which was continued throughout the two days.

Later in the morning Hank Kune and Ron Dvir gave us a whirlwind tour of ‘future centres’ and ‘joy zones’ – Skandia’s Future Centre near Stockholm was featured and not unsurprisingly was joined by others in Scandinavia. Even the UK had one - courtesy of our fast modernising postal service, The Royal Mail. One of my favourites was the one run by the Dutch Tax Office which used the metaphor of a ship to explore the structure of their organisation. Actually the ship metaphor came up a few times during the two days, and is something worth exploring, especially for an ex navy guy like myself!

In the afternoon Edna Pasher hosted a Knowledge Café on ‘KM and Sustainability’. I think it’s the first ‘Café’ event I’ve done (are these based on World Cafe?) – the format is pretty interactive and has been used extensively in the public and not for profit sector. The main focus of the discussion was on sustainable development – a term which for me has a strong philosophical dimension. Like 'knowledge management' isn’t 'sustainable development' an oxymoron? Development implies continuous improvement and it’s hard to place limits on that process. Maybe the developed world has developed enough? Why do we need to keep ahead of the less developed world – forget sustainability let’s pull over onto the hard shoulder and let the rest of the world catch up? But when they do catch up will they pull over too? Big questions – and beyond the scope of this blog but here are some interesting links on sustainable development:
World BankWikipedia ,  and UK Government.

KmartThe last session of Day 1 was a networking session hosted by Patricia Wolf and Peter Troxler. Based on some key details we gave earlier in the day it sought to connect participants by identifying common interests – nothing new in that then! Patricia though facilitated a session where she place our profiles on the wall then drew interconnections between us. After a while we had created a very low tech social network diagram with many interconnections – so many in fact that the picture looked chaotic (see artistic rendition of this on the left). This is the nature of networks and networking – on a superficial level it appears chaotic – it’s only when you work harder and encourage a deeper understanding of the connections that you begin to uncover value in those connections. For me it’s not just about the people you know but what you know about what they know. It’s this tacit knowledge that enables us to build real value from networks. This actually links in well with a social networking analysis tool (called Antelect) that was demonstrated to some of the Fringers on Day 2 by Simon Lague.

Slowness_map_4The first session on Day 2 was an Open Space session run by Ton Zilstra. Numbers were low probably because of the 'Dave Snowden effect' – he was delivering a session on Narrative Technologies in the room next door! However I joined a group that decided to explore the concept of 'slowness' - is it good or bad and what can we learn from going slowly?

Martyn Laycock ran the London Knowledge Network session on The Employee Knowledge Lifecycle later in the morning. This is an informal  project that is being championed by two KM experts in two UK public sector organisations. Martyn used a couple of Cynefin techniques (but maybe they come from elsewhere) including one of my favourites ‘Future Backwards’ to explore some issues around the future of knowledge work.

Later in the afternoon I ran a session with Piers Young on The Effective Knowledge Worker Handbook. It was a useful session and we are hoping to build on it via a wiki – but it looks pretty quiet there at the moment! I will definitely be following up on the session in future blog articles though and also via the wiki.

The final session on Day 2 was more of a traditional presentation – and it was actually a welcome relief to just sit back and listen to Peter Kreig’s approach to ‘knowledge and assimilation’. Broadly he talked about new approaches to modelling intelligence using technology – so as expected AI is on it’s way back! I’ve always been interested in AI and expert systems and I’d like to follow-up on this in later articles in this blog.

Well that’s pretty much it for the Fringe. What did I enjoy most? The buzz, the interactivity, the sweets, the champagne, Ron Dvir’s brilliant KM art gallery and last but certainly not least the Fringers themselves.

Offbicycle_1

Tom Davenport on Knowledge Work

ThinkinglivingPicked up this link in David Gurteen's newsletter today to an interview with Tom Davenport by CIO Insight magazine.

"They [knowledge workers] don't like to be told what to do. They enjoy more autonomy than other workers. Much of their work is invisible and hard to measure, because it goes on inside their heads or outside the office." Tom Davenport

Seems to tie in quite well with some of my recent entries on knowledge work. Why the focus on knowledge work from Tom? Because he has written a new book on the subject, "Thinking for a Living: How to Get Better Performance and Results from Knowledge Workers" (Harvard Business School Press, July 2005).

"In my latest book, Thinking for a Living, I developed a unique classification system for segmenting knowledge workers into four major categories—transaction, integration, expert, and collaborative—and prioritizing which group or groups a company should target for intervention. I also outlined five customizable approaches for intervening in and improving knowledge work. " Tom Davenport

Sounds like Tom has cracked it - must get onto Amazon right away...and get on with my own book.

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